Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system is over-active, leading to inflammation, pain, swelling, and stiffness in joints. It primarily affects the small joints in the hands, wrists, and feet, but it can also impact larger joints. Over time, RA can cause joint damage and deformities if left untreated.

Symptoms often come in flare-ups, where the inflammation worsens, and periods of remission, where symptoms improve. The exact cause of RA is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors, such as infections or smoking, may play a role.

Treatment includes medications like disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, and anti-inflammatory drugs, along with physical therapy and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and prevent further joint damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to controlling the disease and improving quality of life.

Before an ECG, you may have your hair shaved or skin cleaned so the electrodes stick on your body properly. Also, if you are wearing an underwire bra, you might be asked to take it off as it could affect the readings of the ECG.

Gout is a type of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden and severe pain, swelling, and redness. It most commonly affects the big toe but can occur in other joints as well.

Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, substances found in certain foods and drinks, such as red meat, shellfish, and alcohol. Normally, uric acid is excreted through urine, but when the body produces too much or doesn’t eliminate enough, it can form crystals that accumulate in the joints, triggering inflammation.

Risk factors include obesity, high blood pressure, certain medications, and a family history of gout. Treatment usually involves medications to reduce pain and inflammation during attacks and medications to lower uric acid levels over time. Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding purine-rich foods and avoiding alcohol, can also help manage the condition.